What does the term "shock load" refer to in wastewater treatment?

The term "shock load" in wastewater treatment refers specifically to a sudden influx of pollutants that exceeds the treatment system's capacity. This situation can arise due to various factors, such as a storm event causing runoff, industrial discharges, or other unexpected sources contributing excess waste. When such an overload occurs, the treatment plant may struggle to process the incoming contaminants effectively, leading to potential negative impacts on the treatment efficacy and the overall operation of the system. Recognizing and managing shock loads is crucial for maintaining water quality and ensuring compliance with environmental regulations.