Which of the following pH levels is typically achieved through the application of lime?

The application of lime is often used in various environmental and industrial processes to adjust the pH of soils and water bodies. Lime, primarily composed of calcium carbonate or calcium hydroxide, raises the pH when added to acidic environments.

The typical pH levels achieved with lime can reach as high as 11 to 12, which indicates a strongly alkaline condition. This range is effective for treating acidic soils, wastewater, and other environments where elevating the pH is necessary to neutralize acidity and promote beneficial biological activity.

In contrast, the other options reflect pH levels that do not correspond with the effects of lime. A pH of 4-5 is still acidic and would not result from lime application. A pH of 6-7 is neutral to slightly acidic, which again does not reflect the action of liming. A pH of 7-10, while alkaline, does not capture the full extent of the range achievable with lime, especially in highly acidic conditions.

Therefore, the range of 11-12 is indicative of the high alkaline pH that lime can effectively produce following its application in appropriate scenarios.